| 1 | The Quantum Communications Landscape for Defence Where QRNG and QKD sit in the defence security stack | |
| 2 | QRNG: Entropy Sources, Device Architectures, and Certification From quantum physics to certified random numbers | - Entropy source physics: vacuum fluctuation, photon arrival time, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), and homodyne detection
- Device architectures: standalone QRNG modules (ID Quantique Quantis, Toshiba QRNG), chip-scale integration, and PCIe card form factors
- Certification standards: BSI AIS 31 (Class PTG.2/PTG.3), NIST SP 800-90B entropy assessment, and Common Criteria evaluation
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| 3 | QKD Protocols and Key Distribution Mechanics How quantum key distribution works and where it breaks | - DV-QKD protocols: BB84, B92, and decoy-state BB84 with security proofs against photon number splitting (PNS) attacks
- CV-QKD: Gaussian-modulated coherent state protocols and their compatibility with standard telecom components
- MDI-QKD and twin-field QKD: removing detector side-channel vulnerabilities and extending fibre distance limits beyond 300 km
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| 4 | Interactive Demonstration QKD key exchange simulation and QRNG entropy analysis | - Facilitator-led BB84 key exchange simulation: basis selection, sifting, error estimation, and privacy amplification walkthrough
- QRNG entropy output analysis: min-entropy estimation, NIST SP 800-22 statistical test suite interpretation, and bias detection
- Key rate calculation exercise: channel loss, detector efficiency, error rate, and secure key rate for a given fibre link budget
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| 5 | Network Architectures and Defence Integration Deploying QKD in defence and critical infrastructure networks | - Trusted node networks versus measurement-device-independent (MDI) mesh topologies for classified environments
- Fibre QKD: distance limits (circa 100 km standard BB84, 300+ km twin-field), channel loss budgets, and dark fibre requirements
- Free-space and satellite QKD: Micius experiment results, daylight operation challenges, and LEO constellation plans for global coverage
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| 6 | PQC versus QKD: The Trade-Off Framework for Defence Where each technology adds genuine value and where it does not | - QRNG value assessment: when hardware entropy genuinely exceeds DRBG quality and when it does not (CSPRNGs with good seeding are sufficient for most applications)
- QKD value assessment: information-theoretic security versus computational security, and why QKD requires an authenticated classical channel (which itself needs PQC or pre-shared keys)
- NSA CNSA 2.0 and ETSI guidance: why both agencies recommend PQC as the primary migration path and position QKD as a complementary layer for specific high-value links
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| 7 | Vendor Landscape, Procurement, and Q&A Independent guidance on QRNG and QKD suppliers | - QRNG vendors: ID Quantique, Toshiba, KETS Quantum Security, Quside, and chip-integrated solutions from SK Telecom and others
- QKD vendors: ID Quantique Cerberis, Toshiba QKD, QuantumCTek, ThinkQuantum, and the EuroQCI initiative for pan-European QKD infrastructure
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